Global Seafood Trade Spreads ‘Forever Chemicals’ Beyond Pollution Hotspots

A new study shows that the global seafood trade is redistributing human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often called “forever chemicals,” far beyond the waters where contamination originates. By analysing more than 200 commercially important marine fish species, researchers found that international trade shifts PFAS exposure from highly polluted regions to countries where local fish stocks are comparatively cleaner. Europe emerged as a key hub in these exposure flows, despite not having the most contaminated fisheries.

PFAS are highly persistent synthetic chemicals linked to endocrine disruption, liver and thyroid disease, fertility problems, and cancer. Using global fisheries data, marine food-web models, and PFAS measurements from thousands of seawater sites, the study showed that species higher in the food chain carry greater PFAS burdens. While overall exposure has declined following regulatory restrictions, researchers warn that global trade continues to redistribute health risks, underscoring the need for stronger international coordination on chemical regulation and food safety.

31-12-2025