Plastic Bio-Beads From Sewage Plants Pose Growing Pollution and Superbug Risks

A recent spill of plastic “bio-beads” in East Sussex has renewed concerns about wastewater treatment materials polluting UK coastlines. These pellets, used since the 1990s to support bacterial breakdown of sewage, can escape through ageing infrastructure and poor storage, despite industry claims that screens should contain them. Once released, bio-beads fragment into smaller particles and enter rivers and oceans.

Scientists warn the risk extends beyond plastic pollution. Bio-beads are coated in biofilms that can contain harmful bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant “superbugs.” Research along Cornish waterways shows resistant pathogens present on plastics from hospital wastewater to the sea. Historic spills have deposited billions of beads, which can be ingested by marine life and may also leach chemicals like lead and bromine.

Experts argue the solution lies in replacing bio-beads with safer alternatives such as ceramic media, redesigned plastic carriers, or activated sludge systems. Stronger oversight, transparency, and modernized infrastructure are essential to prevent further contamination.

25-11-2025