Prenatal Arsenic Exposure Linked to Higher Type 1 Diabetes Risk in Children

A large population-based study published in Environment International found that prenatal exposure to arsenic in drinking water significantly raises the risk of type 1 diabetes in children. The study showed a 10–30% increase in diabetes risk among children exposed to arsenic levels below 10 micrograms per litre — the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended limit — and a 104% increase at higher exposure levels.

Children with above-average birth weights were particularly susceptible to arsenic’s effects. Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune condition requiring lifelong insulin use, is becoming increasingly common among children worldwide. Researchers note that while multiple environmental factors are being studied, the impact of prenatal chemical exposure remains underexplored. Conducted in Denmark, the study’s findings are relevant globally, as arsenic levels in drinking water are comparable across many countries.

26-10-2025