Scientists Uncover Why Type 1 Diabetes Is More Aggressive in Young Children

Researchers have identified why type 1 diabetes often develops more rapidly and severely in young children, particularly those under seven. The disease occurs when the immune system attacks insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. A new study reveals that the pancreas is still maturing in early childhood, making these cells more vulnerable to destruction.

The University of Exeter team examined pancreas samples from 250 donors to observe how beta cells develop. In younger children, these cells exist as small clusters or individual cells, which the immune system can easily eliminate before they mature. Older children and adults have larger, more resilient clusters known as Islets of Langerhans, allowing them to retain some insulin production and experience a less aggressive form of the disease.

Experts say the findings could pave the way for earlier screening and new immunotherapies. Drugs like teplizumab may help protect developing beta cells, delay disease onset, and offer children more years before needing insulin therapy.

15-11-2025