Fructose Intake Heightens Immune Sensitivity to Bacterial Toxins

New research indicates that fructose can make immune cells more reactive, potentially increasing vulnerability to infections. Despite medical advances, bacterial and viral illnesses remain major global health threats, prompting scientists to explore how diet affects immunity. A team led by Ina Bergheim at the University of Vienna found that monocytes — key immune cells circulating in the blood — respond more strongly to bacterial toxins after fructose consumption. Instead of offering protection, this heightened response promotes inflammation.

In two randomized studies, healthy adults consumed fructose-sweetened or glucose-sweetened drinks. Only fructose elevated levels of Toll-like receptor 2, a receptor that detects bacterial toxins such as lipoteichoic acid. This increase triggered a stronger inflammatory reaction and boosted the release of cytokines like interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and TNF-α.

The findings suggest that even short-term fructose intake can influence immune activity. Researchers emphasize the need to study long-term effects, especially in individuals with metabolic disorders.

02-12-2025