Scientists Discover a “Backup Heater” in Brown Fat That Could Help Fight Obesity

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have identified a hidden “backup heater” in brown fat that helps the body burn calories, even when its usual energy systems slow down. The study, published in Nature on September 17, found that peroxisomes—tiny structures that process fats—can act as an alternative heat source when mitochondria lose their ability to generate heat. This process relies on a protein called acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (ACOX2). Mice lacking ACOX2 in brown fat gained more weight, had lower body temperatures, and showed poorer insulin sensitivity, while those with higher ACOX2 levels stayed leaner and warmer. The findings suggest that enhancing this peroxisome-driven heat production could safely boost metabolism and improve metabolic health. Researchers are exploring whether dietary or drug-based approaches that activate ACOX2 could help people burn more calories and combat obesity.

14-10-2025