Toxic Sewage Sludge Used as Fertilizer on UK Farmland

In the UK, about 87% of treated sewage sludge—rebranded as biosolids—is spread on farmland, despite containing hazardous pollutants like PFAS, microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and banned chemicals. Current regulations only require testing for a few heavy metals.

Many sludge sites are near rivers or polluted waters, increasing risks of contamination. Research shows microplastics from sludge can persist in soil for decades and enter the food chain. PFAS, often called “forever chemicals,” are linked to cancer, immune issues, and reproductive harm.

Though marketed as eco-friendly, biosolids link wastewater and agricultural pollution in an underregulated system. Enforcement is minimal, relying on outdated 1989 rules. With poor oversight and growing environmental concerns, experts warn the practice could worsen water pollution and harm ecosystems and public health.

08-07-2025